Everything about Ward Chipman totally explained
Ward Chipman (
July 30 1754 –
February 9 1824) was a
New Brunswick lawyer, judge and political figure. He served as administrator for New Brunswick from 1823 until his death in 1824.
He was born in
Marblehead, Massachusetts in 1754 and studied at
Harvard College. He taught school in
Boston, then articled in law with
Jonathan Sewall. He practiced law in the Vice-Admiralty Court and also was a clerk-solicitor in the Boston customhouse. However, he remained loyal to
Britain during the
American Revolution and withdrew to
Halifax and then
London. In 1777, he became deputy to muster master general
Edward Winslow; at the same time, he was admitted to the bar in
New York.
At the end of the war, he returned to London and lobbied for a grant of land in
Nova Scotia. He became part of a group of loyalists urging that Nova Scotia be partitioned, which led to the creation of New Brunswick. Chipman was named solicitor general for the new province. He prepared a charter for the city of
Saint John for Governor
Thomas Carleton and served as recorder for the city from 1785 to 1809, which also made him a justice of the peace. In 1785, he was one of the founders of the New Brunswick bar and set up practice in Saint John. Chipman's clients included
Benedict Arnold. Also in 1785, he ran as a pro-government candidate for the
Legislative Assembly and was elected, although he's said to have the support of the local sheriff in the inspection of the ballots; he was defeated in 1793 but returned in
Northumberland County. He was defeated again in 1795.
In 1800, he pleaded the case of a black woman; the court was divided with respect to Chipman's assertion that
slavery was illegal in New Brunwick, so no decision was made and the woman was returned to her master. Chipman also supported the settlement of several hundred black refugees in the province following the
War of 1812. He was also a gentleman farmer and was known for the quality of his
potato crops.
Chipman represented the British in the negotiations held to establish the province's boundary with the state of
Maine. In 1806, he was named to the Council. He was named a puisne judge in the province's Supreme Court in 1808. In 1815, he was named to a second commission charged with settling the boundary with Maine as it applied to islands in
Passamaquoddy Bay. In 1823, Chipman was named colonial administrator after the death of Lieutenant Governor
George Stracey Smyth; he died in office at
Fredericton in 1824.
The Ward Chipman Library at the
University of New Brunswick was named in his honour.
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